Indexable inserts
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Frequently asked questions
How do I read an ISO insert code such as CNMG 120408?
Per ISO 1832: C is an 80 degree rhombus, N is 0 degree clearance, M is the tolerance class, G is the hole and double-sided chipbreaker type. 12 is the 12 mm edge length, 04 is 4.76 mm thickness, 08 is a 0.8 mm nose radius. Any suffix after that is the maker's own chipbreaker code.
How does nose radius affect surface finish?
A larger radius gives a smoother surface at the same feed and a stronger edge, but raises radial force and chatter risk on slender parts. Theoretical Rmax is about f squared divided by 8r, so you can reduce feed or increase radius for a better finish.
How do negative and positive inserts differ?
Negative inserts (N, 0 degree clearance) are double-sided with a strong edge, suiting roughing and powerful machines. Positive inserts (for example C, 7 degree clearance as in CCMT) cut with less force, suiting small bores, slender parts and smaller machines, but are single-sided.
How do I pick a grade from codes like P25 or M20?
The letter is the ISO 513 material group and the number shows position from wear-resistant (low) to tough (high). P10 suits stable, high-speed finishing of steel, while P35 suits interrupted cuts or less rigid machines. If edges chip, move to a higher number; if they wear fast, move lower.
Are inserts interchangeable between brands?
Inserts with the same ISO shape, size, clearance and hole code fit the matching holder style from another maker. Chipbreaker geometry and grade differ, however, so cutting data must be adjusted to the insert maker's recommendations.
What adjustments match each type of insert wear?
Rapid flank wear usually means cutting speed is too high, so lower the speed or choose a more wear-resistant grade. Built-up edge comes from low speed or sticky material, so raise the speed or use a sharper insert. Chipping and fracture show a need for a tougher grade, lower feed on entry or more rigidity.
How do CVD and PVD coated inserts differ?
CVD coatings are thick and resist heat and abrasion well, suiting continuous high-speed turning of steel and cast iron. PVD coatings are thinner, keep a sharp edge and handle shock well, suiting milling, interrupted cuts, stainless steel and heat-resistant alloys. Maker grade codes usually state the coating type.
Should insert clamping screws be tightened to a torque?
Yes, a loose screw lets the insert shift and break, while overtightening damages the thread or cracks the insert. Holder makers state the torque for each screw size, and a torque screwdriver gives consistent tightening. Worn clamp screws and shims should be replaced periodically.
